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Research Basics: The Research Process

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Research Process Stages

Welcome!

The information on this guide is intended to help new researchers, as well as anyone who wants a refresher, to approach each stage of the research process thoughtfully and strategically. The four stages we cover are (1) asking questions(2) locating sources(3) evaluating sources, and (4) presenting findings.

A diagram titled The Research Process Is Not Always a Straight Line

While the research process stages are presented here one after another, in reality, you are likely to visit some of them more than once during the process. For example:

  • Information you learn from your sources may lead you to reconsider and revise your original questions.
  • Reading sources carefully may cause you to seek out alternatives that are more relevant or more credible.
  • Beginning to explain your findings may send you looking for more information to close a gap in your understanding.

As you gain experience with academic research, you will grow more comfortable with moving among these stages as needed.

Start by understanding your assignment

If you are uncertain about any of the following questions, check with your professor. The requirements of your assignment help to guide your decisions throughout the research process.

When is it due?

Give yourself time to locate, gather, and read the most relevant information sources.

What is its purpose?

Your choice of sources, and how you use them, may differ depending on whether you are providing information, trying to persuade an audience, or evaluating someone else's argument.

What is the scope?

Longer, more in-depth projects require more research than short papers and presentations.

How many sources, and which types, are you required to use?

Each professor and each assignment may have different requirements.

What formatting guidelines should you follow?

Commonly used styles at Shenandoah include APA, MLA, Chicago, and AMA.

Who can help if you get stuck with research? With writing?

Talk to your professor when you have questions about your assignment. Librarians can help with locating and accessing sources. The Writing Center can help you practice writing about information from sources.